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Li Yu (李愚) (d. October 24, 935?〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 47.〕〔(Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter ).〕〔October 24, 935 was the day when then-reigning emperor Li Congke declared a one-day cancellation of imperial gatherings due to Li Yu's death; it is not clear whether it was the date of Li Yu's death.〕), courtesy name Zihui (子晦), known in his youth as Li Yanping (李晏平), was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period states Later Liang and Later Tang, serving as a chancellor during Later Tang. == During Tang Dynasty == It is not known when Li Yu was born. His family claimed ancestry from the prominent Li clan of Zhao Commandery (趙郡) — specifically, from the western branch of the Zhao Commandery Lis, and had been scholars for generations prior to him. His father Li Zhanye (李瞻業) had submitted himself for imperial examinations in the ''Jinshi'' class but was unable to pass them. When disturbances swept the territory of Tang Dynasty, then, he took refuge in Wudi (無棣, in modern Binzhou, Shandong) and settled there, teaching his children and grandchildren with the ''Classic of Poetry'' and ''Book of Documents''.〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 67.〕 Li Yu was apparently born in Wudi, as he was said to be from there.〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 54.〕 Li Yu was said to be solemn and careful beyond his years even when he was a child, and after he grew up, he became studious in both the Confucian classics and history. As he admired the Spring and Autumn Period statesman Yan Ying, he initially named himself Li Yanping〔 (as Yan had the posthumous name of Ping).〔''Chinese Encyclopedia'' Online, (''Yan Ying'' ).〕 His writing was in a style that emphasized integrity, taking on attributes of the writings of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan. He came to emphasize, for himself, proper conduct and careful speech.〔 At one point, because he was then poor, Li tried to obtain an acting commission as an official. Lu Yanwei, who was then the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei), commissioned him as a county secretary at Anling County (安陵 — modern location not completely clear, but part of Jing Prefecture (景州), whose seat was also in modern Cangzhou).〔〔As Lu Yanwei started the control of the circuit in 885 and was officially military governor from 890 to 894, Li's service under him must have been sometime during those years. See ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vols. 258, 259, 261.〕 He subsequently left his service under Lu when his mother died, to observe a mourning period, and took this as an opportunity to leave the region to try to head to the capital Chang'an, apparently with the intent of sitting for imperial examinations. However, as the Tang court was then under severe turmoil, the imperial examinations were cancelled for several years, and he ended up as a traveler in the region between Hezhong Municipality (河中, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) and Hua Prefecture (華州, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi).〔 Around the new year 901, then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong of Tang was removed from the throne in a coup by powerful eunuchs, led by Liu Jishu and Wang Zhongxian (王仲先), who declared Emperor Zhaozong's son Li Zhen (not same person) emperor. Li submitted a petition to Han Jian the military governor of Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered at Hua Prefecture), urging him to launch an army to try to rescue and restore the deposed emperor. Han, while not accepting his proposal, was impressed by his writing and treated him well, intending to retain him on staff, but Li declined and left.〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 262.〕 At a later time — by which time Emperor Zhaozong had been restored, but then was forcibly seized eunuchs led by Han Quanhui and Zhang Yanhong (張彥弘) to the territory of their ally Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi), precipitating an attack by Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) on the region — Li Yu, in order to flee this turmoil, went to take up residence at the eastern capital Luoyang. At that time, Li Yangu (李延古) the grandson of the statesman Li Deyu was living at his grandfather's old mansion, and Li Yu took refuge with him. Li Yu's own family members personally cut wood in order to support the household, and they did not depend on others for support. The year that the official Xue Tinggui (薛廷珪) was in charge of the imperial examinations, Li Yu sat for the examinations and passed in the ''Jinshi'' class, as well as a special examination for grand speech. He was made a military advisor at Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the Luoyang region), and thereafter took up residence at a country mansion on the Luo River.〔 Around 905 — by which point Zhu had not only captured Emperor Zhaozong, forced him to move the capital to Luoyang, but further had assassinated Emperor Zhaozong and made Emperor Zhaozong's son Emperor Ai emperor, and then was having further designs on the throne — Zhu's chancellor ally Liu Can was, pursuant to Zhu's wishes, carrying out slaughters against established Tang aristocratic families.〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 265.〕 Li Yu, in fear of this trend, fled north of the Yellow River and became a traveler in the region, along with his clansman Li Yanguang (李延光).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Li Yu (Later Tang)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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